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Legal Careers in South Africa

A law degree can open the door to a wide range of career paths, both within and beyond traditional legal practice. Explore the different options below to learn what each career involves and how you can work towards it.

A note before you begin:
A law degree can open the door to many different careers, and becoming an attorney or advocate is only one possible path. Some careers listed below are regulated legal professions, while others are roles in which legal knowledge or an LLB may be valuable without requiring admission as a legal practitioner.

The information below is intended to give you a starting point for exploring your options. Requirements can change, so we encourage you to go beyond this website and visit the relevant regulatory bodies, institutions, official websites and applicable legislation to confirm the current requirements for the career you are interested in.

Traditional Legal Careers

What is it?
An attorney is a legal practitioner who is admitted and enrolled to practise as an attorney in South Africa. Attorneys generally advise and assist clients with legal matters and may represent clients in legal proceedings, depending on their right of appearance.

What do they do?
Attorneys work directly with individuals, businesses and other organisations on a wide range of legal matters. Their work may include:

  • advising clients on their legal rights and obligations;

  • drafting and reviewing legal documents and agreements;

  • conducting legal research;

  • negotiating and settling disputes;

  • representing clients in certain court and other legal proceedings; and

  • handling specialised areas of law such as commercial law, family law, labour law, property law, criminal law or personal injury law.


The work of an attorney can therefore vary significantly depending on their area of practice and the type of clients they serve.

How do I get there?
If you want to become an attorney in South Africa, the pathway generally involves the following:
 
1. Obtain a LLB degree
Complete an LLB degree at a recognised South African university.

2. Complete your PVT and PLT
There are two pathways you can follow:

Pathway 1: PVT first
Enter into a 2-year practical vocational training (PVT) contract with a law firm and serve as a candidate attorney. This commonly known as doing your "articles".
 
While completing your practical vocational training, you must also complete the prescribed practical legal training (PLT). This is commonly referred to as "law school". You must complete the 150-notional-hour part-time/night practical legal training programme while serving your articles.
 
After completing at least six months of practical vocational training, you may register for the competency-based examinations (commonly known as "board exams").

Pathway 2: PLT first 
Complete the 400-notional-hour full-time practical legal training programme before your practical vocational training.
 
Once you have successfully completed the programme and obtained the required certificate of completion, you may register for the competency-based examinations using such certificate.
 
After completing the 400-notional-hour programme, your practical vocational training period may be reduced to one year.

In simple terms: You can either complete the 150-notional-hour practical legal training programme while serving a two-year practical vocational training contract, or complete the 400-notional-hour programme and then serve the applicable reduced period of practical vocational training.

3. Complete the board exams
Pass the competency-based examinations required for admission as an attorney. Under the current LPC curriculum, there are four competency-based admission examinations. As of 2028, there will be five competency-based examinations.

4. Apply for admission and enrolment 
Once you have satisfied the applicable requirements, you can apply to the High Court for admission and enrolment as a legal practitioner.
 
Section 26 of the Legal Practice Act 28 of 2014 sets out the minimum qualifications and practical vocational training requirements for admission, including the requirement to pass a competency-based examination or assessment.
 
Section 24 further provides that the High Court must admit and authorise the enrolment of a person who satisfies the applicable requirements, including being duly qualified, being a South African citizen or permanent resident, being a fit and proper person, and complying with the application requirements.

5. Practise as an attorney
Once admitted and enrolled as an attorney, you may practise as an attorney in accordance with the Legal Practice Act, the rules of the Legal Practice Council and other applicable requirements.

Learn more
For further information about becoming an attorney, visit:

What is it?

An advocate is a legal practitioner who specialises in advocacy, litigation and providing specialist legal opinions. Advocates may represent clients in courts and other legal forums and are often instructed where a matter requires specialised legal argument or litigation expertise.
 

Advocates may work in areas such as civil litigation, criminal law, constitutional law, commercial law and administrative law.
 
What do they do?

An advocate's work may include:

  • Representing clients in court by presenting legal arguments, examining and cross-examining witnesses, and making oral submissions.

  • Drafting legal documents such as pleadings, applications, heads of argument and other litigation documents.

  • Researching the law by analysing legislation, case law and other legal authorities.

  • Providing legal opinions on the interpretation of the law, the merits of a matter and possible legal strategies.

  • Preparing cases for litigation by analysing the facts, identifying the legal issues and developing legal arguments.

  • Representing clients in other legal forums, where permitted.

  • Advising and assisting attorneys on matters requiring specialist legal knowledge or advocacy.

  • Advocates may work in areas such as civil litigation, criminal law, constitutional law, commercial law and administrative law.


How Do I Get There?
If you want to become an advocate in South Africa, the pathway generally involves the following:
 
1. Obtain an LLB degree

The usual starting point is an LLB degree from a South African university, or an equivalent foreign law degree recognised in accordance with the Legal Practice Act. The LLB must meet the requirements set out in section 26 of the Act.
 
2. Complete practical vocational training as a pupil

After completing your LLB, you must enter into a practical vocational training contract as a pupil and complete 12 months of practical vocational training.
 

Your practical vocational training must be undertaken under the supervision of an advocate or an approved institution that meets the applicable requirements. The Legal Practice Council provides for the registration of practical vocational training contracts for pupils.
 
3. Complete the prescribed practical legal training

You must also complete the prescribed structured coursework of at least 400 notional hours, over a period of no more than six months, either before or during your practical vocational training.
 

This coursework covers areas relevant to advocacy, including advocacy skills, civil and criminal procedure, alternative dispute resolution, professional conduct and legal ethics, legal writing and drafting, constitutional and customary law, and information and communication technology for legal practice.
 
4. Complete the examinations prescribed for admission as an advocate

Pass the advocates' admission examinations required for admission as an attorney. Under the current LPC curriculum, there are five advocates admission examinations.
 
5. Apply for admission and enrolment as an advocate

Once you have met the applicable requirements, you must apply to the High Court for admission and enrolment as an advocate.
 

Section 24 of the Legal Practice Act provides, among other requirements, that an applicant must be appropriately qualified, be a South African citizen or permanent resident, be a fit and proper person, and serve the required application on the Legal Practice Council.
 

Admission by the High Court and enrolment with the Legal Practice Council are separate parts of the process. The LPC explains that an applicant must apply to the High Court and simultaneously lodge the enrolment application with the Council.
 
6. Decide how you will practise

After admission and enrolment, you can practise as an advocate in accordance with the category under which you are authorised to practise.


Referral advocates traditionally receive instructions through attorneys and do not engage directly with members of the public in their professional capacity. Trust account advocates may accept instructions directly from members of the public, subject to the applicable requirements, including the requirement for a Fidelity Fund Certificate.
 
Learn More

For further information, aspiring advocates should go beyond this website and consult the organisations responsible for regulating and representing the profession:



Advocates may work in areas such as civil litigation, criminal law, constitutional law, commercial law and administrative law.​

Attorney vs Advocate: What Is the Difference and How Do They Work with Clients?

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The way an attorney and an advocate receive instructions from clients is one of the traditional differences between the two professions.

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Attorneys generally deal directly with their clients. They may advise clients, manage their matters and, where appropriate, instruct an advocate to provide specialist legal advice or representation.

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Referral advocates traditionally receive their instructions through an attorney. This means that a member of the public would generally approach an attorney, who may then instruct an advocate if the matter requires the advocate's specialist services.

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However, trust account advocates may accept instructions directly from members of the public. The Legal Practice Council specifically describes trust account advocates as advocates who are able to take instructions directly from clients. An advocate who practises as a trust account advocate must meet the applicable requirements, including holding a valid Fidelity Fund Certificate where required.

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Remember: The distinction between attorneys and advocates is not absolute. Both are legal practitioners regulated by the Legal Practice Council, and their areas of work can overlap. The differences described here relate primarily to their traditional roles and, importantly, how they are authorised to receive instructions and practise.

What is it?

A conveyancer is an attorney who specialises in the transfer and registration of immovable property and other transactions that must be registered in a deeds registry.

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In simple terms, when a person buys or sells a house or other immovable property, the conveyancer is one of the key legal professionals responsible for making sure that the transaction is properly documented and that ownership is legally transferred and registered.

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The work is closely connected to the Deeds Registry, which maintains South Africa's property ownership records. The deeds registry contains information such as registered owners, conditions affecting properties, mortgage bonds, servitudes and sectional-title information.

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What do they do?

A conveyancer may be involved in:

  • Transfer of property following a sale;

  • Registration of mortgage bonds;

  • Cancellation of mortgage bonds;

  • Subdivision and consolidation of properties;

  • Sectional title transactions;

  • Estate-related property transfers;

  • Preparing and examining deeds and other documents for registration;

  • Lodging documents at the Deeds Office;

  • Ensuring that the transaction complies with the relevant legislation and deeds-registration requirements; and

  • Communicating with the parties, estate agents, banks and other professionals involved in the transaction.

 

The work therefore involves much more than simply "transferring a house". A conveyancer has to ensure that the legal requirements for registration have been met and that the relevant documents are correctly prepared.

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How do I get there?

There are two routes you can take:

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1. After admission as an attorney, pass the competency-based examinations for conveyancers.

​

OR

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2. After passing the competency-based examinations for purposes of admission as an attorney, you may write the competency-based examinations for conveyancers. 

Upon admission as an attorney, you may then also be admitted and enrolled as a conveyancer, provided you have met the applicable requirements.

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3. Apply for admission and enrolment as a conveyancer.

The important principle is that a conveyancer is an attorney who has additionally qualified to practise as a conveyancer. The Legal Practice Act provides for an attorney to qualify for enrolment as a conveyancer after passing the prescribed competency-based examination or assessment for conveyancers.

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Is a Conveyancer an Attorney?

Yes. A conveyancer is a practising attorney who has been admitted and enrolled to practise as a conveyancer. Remember, every conveyancer is an attorney, but not every attorney is a conveyancer.

What is it?

A Notary Public is a practising attorney who has been admitted and enrolled to practise as a notary.

 

A notary is a legal practitioner who performs certain official legal acts and formalities, particularly those involving the authentication, certification and execution of documents.

 

Notarial acts generally carry a special evidentiary status, and certain documents are required by law to be executed in notarial form.

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What do they do?

A notary public may:

  • Attest and authenticate signatures and documents;

  • Execute and attest notarial deeds;

  • Prepare and attest antenuptial contracts;

  • Notarise certain agreements and other legal documents;

  • Certify copies of documents;

  • Authenticate documents for use in South Africa or, where applicable, abroad;

  • Execute and attest certain powers of attorney and declarations;

  • Deal with certain immovable-property transactions and deeds that require notarial execution; and

  • Perform other functions assigned to a notary by legislation.

​

How do I get there?

There are two routes you can take:

​​

1. After admission as an attorney, pass the competency-based examinations for notaries.

 

OR

 

2. After passing the competency-based examinations for purposes of admission as an attorney, you may write the competency-based examinations for notaries.

Upon admission as an attorney, you may then also be admitted and enrolled as a notary, provided you have met the applicable requirements.

 

3. Apply for admission and enrolment as a notary.

​

Is a Notary Public an Attorney?

Yes. A notary is a practising attorney who has been admitted and enrolled to practise as a notary. Remember, every notary public is an attorney, but not every attorney is a notary public.

What is it?

A prosecutor is a legal professional who represents the State in criminal proceedings.

In South Africa, the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) is the country's single national prosecuting authority. Its constitutional mandate is to institute criminal proceedings on behalf of the State and to exercise its functions without fear, favour or prejudice

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What do they do?

A prosecutor may:

  • Assess the evidence in a criminal matter and decide whether a prosecution should proceed, where authorised to do so;

  • Prepare and present the State's case in court;

  • Lead evidence from State witnesses;

  • Cross-examine defence witnesses;

  • Present arguments to the court;

  • Deal with matters such as bail, pleas and sentencing;

  • Engage with investigating officers regarding the investigation and evidence;

  • Consider representations made by accused persons or their legal representatives; and

  • Ensure that prosecutions are conducted fairly and in accordance with the law.

 

A prosecutor does not decide whether an accused person is guilty. That is the function of the court. The prosecutor presents the State's case, and the court determines whether the State has proved the accused's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

​

How do I get there?

1. Apply for the NPA's Aspirant Prosecutor Programme.

The Aspirant Prosecutor Programme is a 12-month internship programme within the NPA that provides law graduates with in-service training and practical prosecutorial experience. Successful completion enables competent candidates to be appointed to entry-level prosecutorial positions in the NPA.

 

OR

 

2. Apply for a suitable prosecutorial position with the NPA.

This is provided that you meet the requirements for that particular position. The requirements may differ depending on the position.

​

Is a Prosecutor an Attorney?

Not necessarily.

 

This is different from a Conveyancer or Notary Public. A conveyancer and notary public are practising attorneys who have additionally been admitted and enrolled in those capacities. A prosecutor, however, is appointed to perform prosecutorial functions and does not necessarily have to be an admitted attorney. This means that an LLB graduate can pursue prosecution as a career without first following the full route to admission as an attorney. The NPA's Aspirant Prosecutor Programme specifically provides a route for law graduates to obtain practical prosecutorial training and, following successful completion, to move into entry-level prosecutorial positions.

 

Learn More

What is it?

A State Attorney is an attorney employed by the State to provide legal services to the government.

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State Attorneys represent the State in legal proceedings and transactions involving national and provincial government departments. They perform legal work similar to that performed by attorneys in private practice, but their client is the State.

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What do they do?

A State Attorney may:

  • Represent the State in civil and criminal litigation;

  • Institute, defend and oppose legal proceedings on behalf of the State;

  • Draft and manage contracts on behalf of government;

  • Provide legal advice to government departments;

  • Brief advocates where specialist counsel is required;

  • Instruct correspondent or private attorneys where appropriate;

  • Assist with the management of litigation involving the State;

  • Use alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to resolve disputes involving the State; and

  • Perform other legal functions on behalf of the government.

 

State Attorneys therefore work across a wide range of areas of law, depending on the matters handled by their office.

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How do I get there?

1. After admission as an attorney, apply for a position as a State Attorney.

The Department of Justice lists an LLB degree plus admission as an attorney as the minimum requirements for a State Attorney.

 

OR

 

2. Complete your practical vocational training at an Office of the State Attorney.

A candidate attorney may enter into an agreement of candidacy with a State Attorney's office and complete their practical vocational training there. After satisfying the requirements for admission as an attorney, you can pursue appointment as a State Attorney.

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Is a State Attorney an Attorney?

Yes.

 

A State Attorney is an attorney in the service of the State. The State Attorney Act provides for the offices of State Attorney to perform work on behalf of the government that is ordinarily performed by attorneys, notaries and conveyancers.

 

The distinction is therefore primarily who the attorney works for and represents:

Private attorney → represents private clients.

State Attorney → represents the State.

 

Learn More

What is it?

A magistrate is a judicial officer who presides over cases in the Magistrates' Courts.

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Magistrates preside over District and Regional Magistrates' Courts, which deal with both criminal and civil matters within the jurisdiction given to them by law.

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A magistrate is responsible for hearing the evidence and arguments presented by the parties and making decisions in accordance with the law.

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What do they do?

A magistrate may:

  • Preside over criminal and civil proceedings;

  • Hear evidence from witnesses;

  • Consider documents and other evidence presented to the court;

  • Make rulings on legal issues that arise during proceedings;

  • Decide whether an accused person is guilty or not guilty in a criminal trial;

  • Impose a sentence where an accused person is convicted;

  • Make orders in civil matters;

  • Consider applications such as bail applications; and

  • Give judgments and reasons for their decisions.

 

A magistrate must remain impartial and independent when deciding a matter. They do not represent either party.

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How do I get there?

1. Apply for appointment as a magistrate once you meet the applicable legal and appointment requirements.

The appointment of magistrates is made by the Minister of Justice, after consultation with the Magistrates Commission.

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The applicable requirements include having the required legal qualifications, being a fit and proper person and successfully completing the applicable Justice College course and the required period of service as a judicial officer in an acting or temporary capacity.

 

2. Appointment and training

Candidates who meet the requirements go through the applicable selection, training and appointment process before being appointed to judicial office.

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Is a Magistrate an Attorney?

Not necessarily.

​

A magistrate is a judicial officer, rather than an attorney representing a client.

 

However, attorneys and advocates can pursue a career as a magistrate if they meet the applicable requirements for appointment. A person does not become a magistrate simply by being admitted as an attorney.

 

Learn More

What is it?

A judge is a judicial officer who presides over cases in the superior courts of South Africa.

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Judges hear and determine matters brought before courts such as the High Court, Supreme Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court, as well as other superior courts established by law.

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A judge is independent and impartial and must decide cases according to the Constitution and the law.

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What do they do?

A judge may:

  • Preside over civil and criminal trials and other court proceedings;

  • Hear and consider evidence presented by the parties;

  • Determine questions of law;

  • Make rulings and orders during proceedings;

  • Deliver judgments;

  • Determine whether an accused person is guilty or not guilty in a criminal trial;

  • Impose sentences where appropriate;

  • Review decisions of lower courts or other decision-makers where the law permits;

  • Determine constitutional issues within the jurisdiction of the particular court; and

  • In appellate courts, consider whether a lower court's decision should be upheld, varied or set aside.

 

Judges do not represent either party in a case. Their role is to independently and impartially determine the dispute before them.

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How do I get there?

1. Gain the required legal experience and meet the constitutional requirements for judicial appointment.

The Constitution provides that an appropriately qualified person who is a fit and proper person may be appointed as a judicial officer. The Judicial Service Commission also considers the applicable criteria and guidelines when assessing candidates for judicial appointment.

 

2. Apply for an advertised judicial vacancy.

Judicial vacancies are advertised, and suitably qualified candidates may apply for appointment to the relevant judicial office.

 

3. Participate in the Judicial Service Commission process.

The JSC interviews candidates for judicial vacancies and makes recommendations in accordance with the constitutional appointment framework.

 

4. Appointment as a judge.

The President appoints judges of the courts, other than the Constitutional Court, on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. Constitutional Court appointments follow a specific process involving the JSC, the President and other constitutional office-holders.

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Is a Judge an Attorney?

Not necessarily.

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A judge is a judicial officer, not an attorney acting for a client. However, people appointed as judges generally come from the legal profession and must satisfy the constitutional and applicable statutory requirements for judicial appointment.

 

Learn More

Non-Traditional Legal Careers

These are careers where your legal education is valuable, but you are not necessarily practising as an attorney, advocate, conveyancer, notary, prosecutor, State Attorney, magistrate or judge.

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Think about it:

Does the person's legal knowledge form a meaningful part of the work they are being hired to perform?

What is it?

An in-house legal professional works directly for a company or organisation rather than working for an external law firm. They provide legal advice and support to their employer on matters affecting the organisation.

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They may be referred to by different titles, including Legal Counsel, In-House Counsel, Corporate Counsel, Legal Adviser or Legal Officer, depending on the organisation and the nature of the position.

​

In-house legal professionals can work in almost any industry, including banking and finance, technology, telecommunications, mining, healthcare, insurance, retail, manufacturing and entertainment.

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What do they do?

The work depends on the organisation and the seniority of the position, but may include:

  • Providing legal advice to the business;

  • Reviewing, drafting and negotiating contracts;

  • Advising on legislation and regulatory requirements;

  • Identifying and managing legal risks;

  • Assisting with corporate governance matters;

  • Advising on employment and labour-law issues;

  • Assisting with disputes and litigation;

  • Instructing and managing external attorneys and advocates;

  • Conducting legal research;

  • Developing and reviewing company policies;

  • Assisting different departments with legal queries;

  • Advising management on the legal implications of business decisions; and

  • Monitoring changes in legislation that may affect the organisation.

 

Unlike an attorney in private practice, an in-house legal professional's client is generally their employer or organisation. The role therefore involves understanding not only the law, but also the organisation's operations, objectives and risks.

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How do I get there?

There is no single prescribed route to becoming an in-house legal professional. The route will depend on the particular position and whether the role requires you to practise as a legal practitioner.

 

A common route is:

LLB → Legal experience → In-house legal position

 

You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Gain practical legal experience, for example through articles of clerkship, a legal internship, a graduate programme, a law firm position or another relevant legal role.

  3. Apply for in-house positions such as Legal Counsel, Legal Adviser or Legal Officer.

 

You do not necessarily have to be admitted as an attorney to work in every in-house legal role. However, admission as an attorney can be advantageous, particularly for positions involving more specialised legal work or where the employer requires a qualified legal practitioner. The Legal Practice Council recognises both practising and non-practising rolls.

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Is an In-House Legal Professional an Attorney?

Not necessarily.

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An in-house legal professional may be an admitted attorney, but the title “in-house counsel” does not by itself mean that the person is an attorney. If the position involves work that is legally reserved for practising legal practitioners, the applicable requirements of the Legal Practice Act must still be considered.

 

Learn More

What is it?

Compliance, risk and governance professionals help organisations understand their legal and regulatory obligations, identify risks, and operate in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, policies and governance standards.

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For a law graduate, this can be a natural alternative legal career because the work involves interpreting legislation, identifying legal and regulatory requirements, assessing risks and helping an organisation respond appropriately.

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These roles can have different titles, including Compliance Officer, Compliance Specialist, Regulatory Compliance Officer, Risk Officer, Governance Officer or Governance Specialist.

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The exact responsibilities will depend on the organisation and the particular position.

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What do they do?

Depending on their role, they may:

  • Monitor whether the organisation is complying with applicable laws and regulations;

  • Identify and assess legal, regulatory and operational risks;

  • Develop, review and implement compliance policies and procedures;

  • Conduct compliance reviews and investigations;

  • Advise management and employees on regulatory requirements;

  • Monitor changes in legislation and assess their impact on the organisation;

  • Prepare compliance reports for management or the board;

  • Assist with internal and external audits;

  • Develop and maintain risk-management frameworks;

  • Identify potential areas of non-compliance and recommend corrective action;

  • Assist with corporate governance processes;

  • Provide training on compliance requirements and organisational policies; and

  • Liaise with regulators and other relevant bodies.

 

The three areas overlap, but they are not exactly the same:

Compliance focuses on whether the organisation is following applicable laws, regulations and internal requirements. Risk focuses on identifying and managing things that could negatively affect the organisation. Governance focuses on how an organisation is directed, controlled and held accountable.

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How do I get there?

There is no single prescribed route into compliance, risk or governance. Your route will depend on the particular career and organisation you want to work for.

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A possible route is:

LLB → Compliance experience or training/qualification → Compliance, Risk or Governance role

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You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Develop relevant knowledge and skills in areas such as regulatory law, corporate law, financial regulation, risk management and corporate governance.

  3. Consider additional compliance or governance training, such as a short course, Short Learning Programme or postgraduate qualification in compliance. These can help you develop specialised knowledge and make your CV more competitive. For example, UJ offers a Short Learning Programme in Compliance Management and a Postgraduate Diploma in Legal Principles Compliance.

  4. Gain relevant experience, through an internship, graduate programme, legal role, compliance role or another related position.

  5. Apply for positions such as Compliance Officer, Regulatory Compliance Officer, Risk Officer or Governance Officer.

 

You do not necessarily have to become an admitted attorney to enter this field. Your LLB can provide the legal foundation, while additional compliance, risk or governance training can help you specialise.

 

Learn More

What is it?

Government and public-sector legal professionals use their legal knowledge to advise, support and represent government and other public institutions.

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They can work for national or provincial government departments, municipalities, public entities and other organs of state.

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The work can involve legal advice, legislation and policy, constitutional and administrative law, contracts, litigation, regulatory matters and legal research. For example, the Office of the Chief State Law Adviser provides legal advice and legislative drafting services to the Executive, national and provincial departments, municipalities and other organs of state. Its work includes drafting and certifying legislation, legal opinions, scrutiny of international agreements and subordinate legislation.

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What do they do?

The work depends on the organisation and position, but a government or public-sector legal professional may:

  • Provide legal advice to a government department or public entity;

  • Conduct legal research and prepare legal opinions;

  • Draft, review and interpret legislation;

  • Assist with the development of legislation and government policy;

  • Review contracts and other legal documents;

  • Advise on constitutional and administrative-law matters;

  • Advise on regulatory and governance requirements;

  • Assist with litigation and dispute resolution;

  • Instruct State Attorneys or external legal practitioners where necessary;

  • Review and advise on international agreements;

  • Advise on the implementation of legislation and government programmes; and

  • Assist government institutions in ensuring that their decisions and actions comply with the law and Constitution.

 

There are many different positions in this area. Depending on the institution and your experience, you may encounter titles such as Legal Administrative Officer, Legal Adviser, State Law Adviser, Senior State Law Adviser, Legislative Drafter or Legal Officer. For example, the Office of the Chief State Law Adviser has State Law Advisers and Legal Researchers, with State Law Advisers undertaking legal advisory and legislative drafting work and Legal Researchers supporting them through legal research.

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How do I get there?

There is no single route into government and public-sector legal work. The requirements depend on the particular position.

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A common route is:

LLB → Relevant legal experience → Apply for government/public-sector legal position

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You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Gain relevant legal experience, through practical vocational training, legal employment, internships, graduate programmes or other relevant experience.

  3. Apply for legal positions within government departments, municipalities, public entities and other organs of state.

 

Some positions require admission as an attorney or advocate and several years of post-qualification experience, while others may have different requirements.  You can find government vacancies through the Public Service Vacancy Circular, which advertises vacancies across national and provincial government departments.

 

Do I need to be an admitted attorney?
Not necessarily. 

 

This depends on the position. Some government legal positions may be open to an LLB graduate without admission, while more senior or specialised legal positions can require admission as an attorney or advocate.

 

Where can I work?

A legal professional can work across a wide range of public-sector institutions, including:

  • National government departments;

  • Provincial government departments;

  • Municipalities;

  • Public entities;

  • Regulatory bodies;

  • Constitutional institutions and other public institutions; and

  • Offices supporting the Executive and other organs of state.

 

The Department of Justice's own career information identifies the Office of the Chief State Law Adviser as providing legal services to government departments, municipalities, parastatals and other public bodies.

 

Learn More

What is it?

Legal academia and research is a career path where you use your legal knowledge to teach, conduct research and contribute to the development of legal knowledge.

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Legal academics work primarily at universities and other higher-education institutions. Legal researchers may also work at research institutes, think tanks, public-interest organisations and other institutions where legal research is required. Possible roles include Law Lecturer, Legal Academic, Legal Researcher, Research Fellow and Professor.

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The work can involve teaching students, publishing legal research, supervising postgraduate students and contributing to academic discussions about the law.

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What do they do?

Depending on their position, they may:

  • Teach law students at undergraduate and postgraduate level;

  • Develop and present lectures, tutorials and other learning activities;

  • Prepare and assess assignments, tests and examinations;

  • Conduct legal research;

  • Write and publish academic articles and other scholarly work;

  • Supervise postgraduate research;

  • Attend and present at academic conferences;

  • Contribute to the development of legal scholarship;

  • Participate in academic committees and university administration;

  • Engage with communities through university outreach and community-engagement initiatives; and

  • Advise or contribute to legal and policy debates through their research.

 

A legal researcher may focus more heavily on research rather than teaching, depending on the organisation and position.

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How do I get there?

There is no single prescribed route into legal academia or research.

 

A common academic pathway is:

LLB → LLM → Academic/Research experience → Academic/Research career

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You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Pursue postgraduate legal studies, such as an LLM, particularly if you want to pursue a university teaching or research career.

  3. Develop research experience and academic skills, including legal writing, research methodology, presenting research and publishing.

  4. Gain teaching or research experience, for example through tutoring, academic assistance, research assistance or other university opportunities.

  5. Apply for academic or research positions at universities and research institutions.

  6. Consider doctoral study, particularly if you intend to progress into more senior academic positions.

 

The precise requirements vary. For example, universities may require an LLM for lecturer positions, while more senior academic positions may require a doctorate, substantial research output, teaching experience and postgraduate supervision experience.

 

Do I need to be an admitted attorney?
Not necessarily

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Admission as an attorney or advocate is not generally a prerequisite for becoming a legal academic or researcher.

Your legal qualifications, research ability, teaching ability and academic record are generally more relevant to an academic appointment.

However, practical legal experience can still be valuable, particularly when teaching subjects that have a strong practical component.

 

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What is it?

Human rights, NGO and public-interest legal work involves using your legal knowledge to promote, protect and advance the rights and interests of individuals, communities or groups, rather than primarily working for private commercial clients.

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Legal professionals in this field may work for human rights organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), public-interest organisations, civil society organisations, community organisations or trade unions.

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The work can cover areas such as constitutional rights, equality, access to justice, socio-economic rights, discrimination, gender-based violence, labour rights, environmental justice, refugee and migrant rights, and other areas affecting communities and vulnerable groups.

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Possible roles include Legal Officer, Legal Adviser, Legal Researcher, Human Rights Officer, Public Interest Lawyer and Policy or Advocacy Officer.

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What do they do?

Depending on the organisation and position, they may:

  • Provide legal advice and assistance to individuals or communities;

  • Conduct legal research on human rights and public-interest issues;

  • Monitor and report on human rights issues;

  • Assist with litigation and legal interventions;

  • Prepare legal opinions, submissions and reports;

  • Draft submissions to government, public bodies or other institutions;

  • Advocate for legislative and policy reform;

  • Participate in public-interest campaigns and advocacy initiatives;

  • Conduct community legal education;

  • Work with communities to identify and address legal problems;

  • Engage with government departments, regulators and other stakeholders;

  • Assist with strategic litigation; and

  • Collaborate with other organisations on human rights and public-interest initiatives.

 

Not every role involves appearing in court. Some positions may be primarily focused on research, advocacy, policy, community engagement or legal education.

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How do I get there?

There is no single prescribed route into human rights, NGO or public-interest work.

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A possible route is:

LLB → Relevant experience → Human Rights / NGO / Public Interest role

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You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Develop knowledge in areas relevant to the organisation or cause, such as constitutional law, human rights law, administrative law, labour law, environmental law or international law.

  3. Gain relevant experience, for example through internships, vacation programmes, volunteering, legal clinics, research projects or other legal work.

  4. Apply for positions within NGOs, human rights organisations, public-interest organisations, civil society organisations and other organisations that employ legal professionals.

 

An LLM or other postgraduate qualification can be useful if you want to specialise in a particular area, but it is not necessarily required for every position. Similarly, admission as an attorney or advocate is not necessarily required for every role. Some positions, particularly those involving legal practice or litigation, may require a qualified legal practitioner, while others may be open to law graduates with the appropriate knowledge and experience.

 

Is this only about working for an NGO?

No.

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Human rights and public-interest legal work can take place in a variety of organisations. A person could work for:

  • A human rights organisation;

  • An NGO;

  • A public-interest law organisation;

  • A community-based organisation;

  • A trade union;

  • A research or policy institute;

  • An international organisation; or

  • Another organisation whose work involves protecting or advancing rights and public interests.

 

The LSSA's career guide similarly identifies the civic/NGO sector, including trade unions and human rights/civil rights organisations, as one of the sectors in which people with legal qualifications can work.

 

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What is it?

Legal technology (LegalTech) involves using technology to improve, support or transform legal work and the delivery of legal services.

 

Legal technology and innovation professionals work at the intersection of law, technology and business. They may help law firms, companies, government institutions or technology companies use technology to solve legal and operational problems.

 

Possible roles include LegalTech Specialist, Legal Operations Specialist, Legal Innovation Specialist, Legal Technology Consultant, Legal Product Specialist and AI Governance Specialist.

 

This is an evolving field, so job titles and responsibilities can differ significantly between organisations.

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What do they do?

Depending on the role, they may:

  • Identify opportunities to use technology to improve legal processes;

  • Implement and manage legal technology systems;

  • Help legal teams select and use technology platforms;

  • Analyse and improve legal workflows;

  • Assist with contract automation and document automation;

  • Work with legal data and information-management systems;

  • Support the responsible use of artificial intelligence in legal work;

  • Assist organisations in developing policies for emerging technologies;

  • Work with technology teams to develop products or services for the legal sector;

  • Train legal professionals to use new technologies;

  • Evaluate the risks associated with legal technology; and

  • Help make legal services more accessible through technology.

 

The field can therefore involve legal knowledge, technology, project management, business analysis, data and problem-solving, depending on the particular role.

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How do I get there?

There is no single prescribed route into LegalTech and innovation.

 

A possible route is:

LLB → Technology/innovation skills → LegalTech / Innovation role

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OR

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LLB → Legal experience → Technology/Innovation specialisation → LegalTech role

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OR

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LLB → Postgraduate/short-course training → LegalTech / Innovation role

 

You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Develop an interest in technology and innovation, particularly in areas such as artificial intelligence, data, automation, cybersecurity, privacy and digital transformation.

  3. Develop complementary technical or business skills through short courses, certifications, workshops, practical projects or postgraduate study.

  4. Gain relevant experience, which could include working in a law firm, legal department, technology company, consulting environment, start-up or innovation team.

  5. Apply for LegalTech, legal operations, innovation or related positions.

 

You do not necessarily need to be admitted as an attorney. Your legal education can provide the legal foundation, while additional technology and business skills can help you move into the field. A person with an LLB does not necessarily need to become a programmer either. Some LegalTech roles require significant technical expertise, while others place greater emphasis on understanding legal processes and translating legal needs into technological solutions.

 

What areas can I work in?

Legal Technology & Innovation is a broad and developing field. Depending on your interests, you could explore areas such as:

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LegalTech
Using technology to support legal services and legal work.

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Legal Operations (Legal Ops)
Improving how an organisation's legal department operates, including processes, technology, budgeting, data and project management.

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Artificial Intelligence & Law
Exploring how AI can be used in legal work and addressing the legal and ethical issues created by AI.

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Data Protection & Privacy
Helping organisations comply with data-protection requirements and manage personal information responsibly.

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Cyberlaw & Technology Law
Working with legal issues arising from technology, digital systems and cyberspace.

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Legal Product Development
Helping develop technology products or services that solve legal problems.

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These areas overlap, and a person may move between them throughout their career.

 

Do I need to know how to code?

No, not necessarily.

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Some LegalTech positions may require programming, data analysis or other technical skills, but many roles do not. A legal professional can add value by understanding the legal problem that needs to be solved and working with technology specialists to develop an appropriate solution. That said, developing basic technological literacy can be a significant advantage.

 

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What is it?

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to processes used to resolve disputes without relying solely on traditional court litigation.

 

ADR can include mediation, arbitration and negotiation.

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Mediation is a process where an independent and impartial mediator assists the parties to reach their own agreement. The mediator does not decide the dispute for them.

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Arbitration is a process where an arbitrator considers the dispute and makes a decision, generally in the form of an arbitration award.

Negotiation involves the parties attempting to reach an agreement themselves, either directly or with the assistance of their legal representatives.

 

ADR is used in a wide range of disputes, including commercial, construction, labour, family and other civil disputes.

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What do they do?

An ADR practitioner may:

  • Facilitate discussions between parties in a mediation;

  • Help parties identify the issues in dispute;

  • Assist parties in exploring possible solutions;

  • Conduct arbitration proceedings;

  • Consider evidence and submissions presented by the parties;

  • Make or assist in making an arbitration award, where applicable;

  • Assist parties in negotiating settlements;

  • Manage dispute-resolution processes;

  • Draft settlement agreements and other ADR documents; and

  • Apply the relevant rules and procedures governing the particular ADR process.

 

The role depends on the type of ADR being undertaken. A mediator does not decide who wins the dispute. Their role is to facilitate the parties' own resolution. An arbitrator, on the other hand, determines the dispute in accordance with the applicable arbitration agreement and rules.

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How do I get there?

There is no single route into ADR.

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A possible route is:

LLB → ADR training → practical experience → ADR practitioner

 

OR

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Legal practice → ADR specialisation → ADR practitioner

 

You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Develop knowledge of dispute resolution, including mediation, arbitration and negotiation.

  3. Complete relevant ADR training, such as mediation or arbitration training.

  4. Gain practical experience through legal practice, dispute resolution work, internships, mentorship or participation in ADR programmes.

  5. Work towards accreditation, panel membership or appointment, where required or advantageous for the type of ADR practice you want to pursue.

 

An LLB is not necessarily required for every ADR role, and admission as an attorney or advocate is not automatically required to become a mediator or arbitrator. However, a legal qualification and practical legal experience can be valuable, particularly for complex commercial and legal disputes.

 

What is the difference between Mediation and Arbitration?

Mediation

  • The practitioner is a mediator.

  • The mediator facilitates communication and assists the parties in finding a solution.

  • The parties themselves decide whether to settle.

  • The mediator does not decide who wins the dispute.

  • The process results in a settlement if the parties reach an agreement.

 

Arbitration

  • The practitioner is an arbitrator.

  • The arbitrator considers the parties' respective cases and determines the dispute.

  • The arbitrator makes the decision.

  • The decision is generally contained in an arbitration award.

  • The arbitration is conducted in accordance with the applicable arbitration agreement and rules.

 

Do I need to be an attorney or advocate?

Not necessarily.

 

ADR is broader than legal practice, and the requirements depend on the particular ADR process, institution, sector and appointment. However, being an attorney or advocate can be advantageous, particularly where the disputes involve complex legal issues. Legal practitioners may also incorporate ADR into their existing practice.

 

 

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What is it?

Legal communications and publishing involves using legal knowledge and communication skills to research, write, edit or communicate information about the law to professional or general audiences.

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Legal professionals in this area can work for law firms, legal publishers, media organisations, universities, government institutions, legal-tech companies, NGOs or as independent writers and content creators.

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Possible roles include Legal Writer, Legal Editor, Legal Journalist, Legal Content Writer, Legal Communications Specialist and Legal Content Creator.

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What do they do?

Depending on the role, they may:

  • Research and write articles about legal developments;

  • Explain complex legal concepts in plain language;

  • Write legal news and commentary;

  • Summarise judgments and legislation;

  • Edit and proofread legal publications;

  • Prepare legal newsletters, alerts and other publications;

  • Create educational legal content for websites and social media;

  • Develop scripts or other content for legal videos and podcasts;

  • Interview legal professionals and report on legal developments;

  • Prepare communication materials for law firms, organisations or institutions;

  • Review legal content for accuracy and clarity; and

  • Monitor developments in the law and communicate relevant changes to an intended audience.

 

The audience can range from legal professionals and academics to businesses and members of the public.

 

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How do I get there?

There is no single prescribed route into legal communications and publishing.

 

A possible route is:

LLB → Develop legal writing & communication skills → Relevant experience → Legal communications/publishing role

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You can:

  1. Complete an LLB degree.

  2. Develop strong legal writing, research and communication skills.

  3. Build writing experience, for example by contributing to student publications, legal blogs, newsletters, journals or other publications.

  4. Develop complementary communication skills, such as editing, journalism, digital content creation, social media or multimedia production.

  5. Gain relevant experience through internships, work experience, freelance projects or positions in legal, media, publishing or communications environments.

  6. Apply for roles such as Legal Writer, Legal Editor, Legal Journalist or Legal Communications Specialist.

 

You do not necessarily need to be admitted as an attorney or advocate to pursue this career.

 

An LLB can give you an important advantage because you already have an understanding of legal terminology, legal research and legal sources. However, being able to communicate the law clearly is a separate skill, and developing strong writing and communication abilities is important.

 

Do I need a journalism or communications qualification?

Not necessarily.

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An LLB can provide the legal foundation for this career, while practical experience in writing, journalism, editing or communications can help you develop the additional skills required.

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A short course or further qualification in journalism, communications, publishing, digital media or related fields may be useful, particularly if you want to work primarily as a journalist, editor or communications professional.

 

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What is it?

International and intergovernmental organisations bring countries together to address issues that cross national borders, such as human rights, peace and security, international development, trade, health, environmental protection and international law.

 

For law graduates, these organisations can offer opportunities to use legal knowledge in an international setting. Possible roles include Legal Officer, Legal Adviser, Legal Counsel, International Law Specialist, Human Rights Officer, Policy Officer, Legal Researcher and other roles involving law, policy and governance.


Examples include the United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), Southern African Development Community (SADC) and other regional and international organisations.

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What do they do?

The work depends on the organisation and the position. Legal and law-related professionals may:

  • Conduct research and analysis on international law and legal issues;

  • Draft and review agreements, treaties, contracts, legal instruments and policies;

  • Provide legal advice to the organisation and its various bodies;

  • Interpret international legal instruments, rules and regulations;

  • Work on human rights, peace and security, international trade, development or other areas of international law;

  • Assist with dispute resolution and international legal proceedings;

  • Prepare legal opinions, reports, memoranda and briefing documents;

  • Support negotiations between states or international organisations;

  • Contribute to policy development and legal reform; and

  • Monitor compliance with legal obligations and organisational rules.

 

For example, the African Union's Office of the Legal Counsel provides legal advice on the interpretation of AU legal instruments, supports decision-making and deals with matters including international cooperation, diplomatic privileges and the legal status of the organisation.

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How do I get there?

A common starting point is:

LLB → relevant experience and specialisation → apply for international or intergovernmental opportunities

 

There is no single pathway. Depending on the role, you may benefit from:

  1. Completing an LLB.

  2. Developing a strong understanding of areas such as international law, human rights, public international law, international trade, development or international relations.

  3. Gaining relevant practical experience through legal work, research, internships, volunteering or work in public-interest organisations.

  4. Developing strong legal research, writing, analytical and communication skills.

  5. Considering an LLM or another relevant postgraduate qualification where it would strengthen your area of specialisation.

  6. Monitoring the career and recruitment platforms of organisations you are interested in.

 

Some positions may require professional legal experience, admission as a legal practitioner, postgraduate qualifications or specific language skills. Requirements differ between organisations and positions, so always check the requirements of the particular role.

 

Do I need to be admitted as an attorney?

Not necessarily.

 

Admission is relevant to some legal positions, but international and intergovernmental organisations employ people in a wide range of legal, policy, research, human rights, governance and programme-related roles.

 

The important question is whether your legal knowledge and skills are relevant to the work you want to do.

 

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CV Tips: Common Mistakes to Avoid

Your CV and application are often the first impression a prospective employer has of you. Academic results matter, but they are only one part of a successful application. Attention to detail, professionalism, initiative and genuine effort can make a significant difference.

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Whether you are applying for vacation work, practical vocational training, articles, pupillage or your first legal position, these practical tips can help you present yourself in the best possible light.

CV Tips

One of the quickest ways to undermine an otherwise strong application is by failing to follow simple instructions.

 

Recruiters often use application requirements to assess whether candidates can follow directions and pay attention to detail. These are important qualities in the legal profession, where small details can have significant consequences.

 

Before submitting your application, read the advertisement carefully and make sure you understand exactly what is required.

 

Do:

  • Read the advertisement carefully before preparing your application.

  • Follow the application instructions exactly as they are set out.

  • Use the requested email subject line exactly as instructed.

  • Submit every document requested, such as your CV, motivational letter or academic transcript.

  • Check whether there are specific formatting or submission requirements and follow them.

  • Double-check your application before sending it to make sure nothing has been overlooked.

 

Don't:

  • Assume that instructions are merely suggestions.

  • Omit requested documents from your application.

  • Submit additional documents that were not requested, unless there is a clear reason to do so.

  • Change the required email subject line or application format.

  • Ignore specific instructions because you have used the same application process elsewhere.

  • Submit your application without checking that it meets all the requirements.

Recruiters can usually recognise a generic application very quickly.

 

An application that is addressed to the wrong firm, contains generic statements, or refers to a different position may suggest that the application has simply been recycled.

 

Before submitting an application, take a few minutes to research the organisation. Understand what it does, the areas in which it operates, and what interests you about the particular opportunity.

 

Your CV and motivational letter should also correspond with the position you are applying for. You do not need to rewrite your entire CV for every application, but make sure the information you highlight is relevant to the opportunity.

 

Do:

  • Address your application to the correct firm or organisation.

  • Use the correct position or programme name throughout your application.

  • Research the organisation before applying.

  • Explain why you are interested in that particular organisation or opportunity.

  • Highlight experience, skills and achievements that are relevant to the position.

  • Ensure your CV and motivational letter correspond with the position advertised.

  • Check your application carefully to make sure it does not contain references to another firm, position or application.

 

Don't:

  • Use exactly the same motivational letter for every application.

  • Submit documents prepared for a different position without reviewing and adapting them.

  • Leave the name of another firm or organisation in your application.

  • Use generic statements without explaining why you are interested in that particular opportunity.

  • Copy wording from the internet without personalising it.

  • Assume that recruiters will not notice when an application has been recycled.

Your CV should make it easy for a recruiter to understand who you are, what you have achieved, and what you can bring to the organisation.

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There is no single format that every applicant must follow, but a clear and logical structure generally makes your CV easier to read.

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For students and recent graduates, the following structure is a useful starting point:

  1. Personal details

  2. Professional summary

  3. Work experience

  4. Education

  5. Skills

  6. Leadership, extracurricular activities and achievements

  7. References

 

You may adjust the order depending on your experience and the position you are applying for. For example, a student with limited work experience may choose to place their education and relevant achievements more prominently.

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How long should my CV be?

For most students and recent graduates, one to two pages is usually sufficient. The aim is not to include everything you have ever done, but to provide the information that is most relevant to the opportunity.

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If you have more substantial experience, a longer CV may be appropriate. Do not remove important information simply to meet an arbitrary page limit.

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If you have additional work, publications, projects or achievements that you would like to showcase, consider creating a professional LinkedIn profile or electronic portfolio and including the link in your CV.

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Do:

  • List your experience and education in reverse chronological order, starting with the most recent.

  • Include accurate employment and education dates.

  • Quantify achievements where possible. For example, instead of saying "assisted with events", consider stating how many events you assisted with or what your specific contribution was.

  • Describe your skills meaningfully. For example, instead of simply listing "Communication", explain how you have demonstrated that skill.

  • Include leadership positions, volunteering, community involvement and meaningful extracurricular activities where they demonstrate relevant skills or qualities.

  • Include your LinkedIn profile or electronic portfolio if it is complete, professional and up to date.

  • Keep information relevant to the position or opportunity.

  • Proofread your CV carefully before submitting it.

 

Don't:

  • Include your full residential address. A general area or province is usually sufficient.

  • Include unnecessary personal information, such as your marital status or religion.

  • List every university module or school achievement. Focus on information that adds value to your application.

  • Exaggerate your experience, skills or qualifications.

  • Give yourself professional titles or qualifications you have not yet earned.

  • Include outdated or irrelevant information simply to make your CV longer.

  • Use vague descriptions that do not tell the recruiter what you actually did or achieved.

  • Include information that you cannot verify or explain if asked about it during an interview.

Presentation reflects professionalism.

 

Even an excellent CV can lose its impact if it contains inconsistent formatting, spelling errors, poor alignment or a cluttered layout. Your application should be easy to read and should show that you have taken care with the documents you submit.

 

Before submitting your application, proofread it carefully. Then proofread it again.

 

Do:

  • Use a professional, easy-to-read font consistently throughout your documents.

  • Keep your formatting consistent, including headings, spacing, alignment and bullet points.

  • Check your spelling, grammar and punctuation.

  • Make sure your documents are easy to read and not overcrowded.

  • Save your documents as PDF files unless another format has been requested.

  • Use clear and professional file names, such as:

    • Jane Smith – CV.pdf

    • Jane Smith – Motivational Letter.pdf

    • Jane Smith – Academic Transcript.pdf

  • Consider using a consistent visual style across your CV and motivational letter. Simple tools such as Canva can help with this.

  • Open your final PDF before sending it to make sure the formatting has not changed and that everything is displayed correctly.

  • Review AI-assisted documents carefully to ensure that there are no placeholders, strange formatting or generic wording left behind.

 

Don't:

  • Mix multiple fonts unnecessarily.

  • Use excessive colours, graphics or decorative elements that make your CV difficult to read.

  • Leave inconsistent spacing, margins or alignment.

  • Submit documents containing spelling or grammatical errors.

  • Submit AI-generated documents without carefully reviewing and personalising them.

  • Leave placeholders or generic wording in your final application.

  • Use unprofessional file names such as CV Final FINAL.pdf or Updated CV 6.pdf.

  • Submit your application without opening the final documents to check that the correct files are attached and display properly.

Artificial intelligence has become a useful tool for drafting, editing and improving written applications. However, it should assist your application, not replace your own thinking and judgment.

 

AI can help with grammar, structure and readability, but your CV and motivational letter should still reflect your own experiences, skills, personality and motivation.

 

Remember that you are responsible for the content you submit. Always read the final version carefully and make sure that every statement is accurate.

 

Do:

  • Use AI to refine your writing where appropriate.

  • Use AI to help identify spelling, grammar or clarity issues.

  • Personalise everything you submit.

  • Ensure that every statement accurately reflects your own experience and qualifications.

  • Check names, dates, qualifications and other factual information carefully.

  • Read the final version yourself before submitting it.

  • Make sure the application still sounds like you.

 

Don't:

  • Copy and submit AI-generated text without reviewing it.

  • Allow AI to invent qualifications, experience, achievements or skills.

  • Leave obvious placeholders or generic wording in your application.

  • Use AI to create an application that does not accurately represent you.

  • Allow AI to replace your own voice, judgment or effort.

  • Assume that grammatically correct writing is automatically a good application.

 

A simple rule:

Use AI as an assistant, not as your substitute.

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Your application should ultimately be something that you understand, can stand behind, and can confidently discuss if you are invited to an interview.

A cover letter and a motivational letter are not necessarily the same thing. While employers sometimes use the terms differently, they generally serve different purposes.

 

Before writing your letter, check exactly what the advertisement asks for. If a cover letter is requested, focus on your suitability for the position and connect your experience and skills to the requirements of the role. If a motivational letter is requested, use the opportunity to explain your motivation, aspirations and what makes you interested in pursuing the particular opportunity.

 

Cover Letter

A cover letter should complement your CV by drawing attention to the parts of your experience, qualifications and skills that are most relevant to the position.

 

Think of it as answering:

“Why am I a good fit for this particular position?”

 

Do:

  • Address the correct person or organisation.

  • State the position you are applying for.

  • Highlight relevant qualifications, experience and skills.

  • Connect your experience to the requirements of the position.

  • Explain why you are interested in the organisation and role.

  • Keep it concise and focused.

  • Make sure it complements your CV rather than simply repeating it.

  • Proofread it carefully before submitting it.

 

Don't:

  • Repeat your entire CV.

  • Use the same generic cover letter for every application.

  • List experience that has no relevance to the position simply to fill space.

  • Focus only on what the employer can offer you.

  • Address the letter to the wrong person or organisation.

  • Submit a cover letter containing references to another employer or position.

 

Motivational Letter

A motivational letter gives you more space to explain why you want the opportunity and what drives you.

 

It can provide the reader with a better understanding of your character, interests, aspirations, values and the experiences that have influenced your career goals.

 

Think of it as answering:

“Why do I want this opportunity, and what makes me the person I am?”

 

Do:

  • Explain why you are genuinely interested in the opportunity.

  • Discuss your career aspirations and relevant interests.

  • Share experiences that have influenced your interest in the field or opportunity.

  • Show your personality and character while remaining professional.

  • Explain what you hope to learn, contribute or achieve.

  • Connect your motivation to the particular organisation or opportunity.

  • Keep it focused and relevant.

  • Proofread it carefully before submitting it.

 

Don't:

  • Simply repeat your CV.

  • Write a generic letter that could be sent to any organisation.

  • Focus only on your academic results.

  • Tell your entire life story without connecting it to the opportunity.

  • Use overly emotional or informal language.

  • Make claims about your character without providing context or examples.

  • Forget to explain why this particular opportunity matters to you.

 

Remember

Whether you are writing a cover letter or a motivational letter, follow the employer's instructions first.

 

If the advertisement specifically asks for a cover letter, do not submit a motivational letter instead, and vice versa. Where the employer does not specify the type of letter, consider the purpose of the application and choose the format that best allows you to demonstrate your suitability and motivation.

 

Above all, make sure that the letter is specific, authentic and written for the opportunity you are applying for.

Your application email creates a first impression. It should be brief, professional and free from spelling or grammatical errors.

 

You do not need to write a lengthy email. The purpose of the email is simply to introduce your application and clearly identify the documents you have attached.

 

Also pay attention to the email address you are using. A professional email address using your name is generally preferable to an informal or outdated address.

 

Do:

  • Use a professional email address, preferably one that includes your name.

  • Use the requested subject line exactly as instructed in the advertisement.

  • Address the recipient appropriately.

  • Keep the email brief and professional.

  • Clearly state what position or programme you are applying for.

  • List the documents attached to your email.

  • Check your spelling and grammar before sending.

  • Double-check that every required attachment is included.

  • Open the attachments before sending to make sure you have attached the correct documents.

 

Don't:

  • Use an unprofessional email address.

  • Leave the subject line blank when a subject line has been requested.

  • Send a blank email with attachments without any explanation.

  • Write an unnecessarily long email that repeats the contents of your motivational letter or CV.

  • Use informal language, emojis or excessive punctuation.

  • Send an email containing spelling or grammatical errors.

  • Forget to attach a document that was requested.

  • Send multiple versions of the same document unless requested.

 

Example

A simple application email could read:

 

Good day,

 

Please find attached my application for the [Position/Programme], together with my CV, academic transcript and [other requested document].

​

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you.

​

Kind regards,
[Full Name]

Deadlines are part of professional life, particularly in the legal profession. Submitting an application on time demonstrates reliability, organisation and attention to detail.

​

Where an application has a closing date, aim to submit your application well before the deadline. This gives you time to identify and correct any problems before the application closes.

​

It is also important to be patient after submitting an application. Organisations may receive a large number of applications and may need time to review them.

​

Do:

  • Submit your application before the closing date and time.

  • Give yourself enough time to deal with technical problems or missing documents.

  • Keep a record of the applications you have submitted.

  • Follow up politely if you have not received feedback after a reasonable period.

  • Be patient while waiting for a response.

 

Don't:

  • Submit a late application and expect an exception.

  • Wait until the last few minutes to submit your application.

  • Send multiple follow-up emails within a few days of applying.

  • Demand an immediate response from the recruiter.

  • Assume that no response means that your application has been rejected.

Your professional reputation begins long before your first interview.

​

Employers may encounter you through LinkedIn, social media, university activities, networking events, or other publicly available information. While you should not feel that you need to create a perfect online persona, it is worth considering how your public professional presence may be perceived.

​

Take the time to build a professional online presence that reflects the image you want to present as an aspiring legal professional.

 

Do:

  • Keep your LinkedIn profile complete and up to date.

  • Use a professional profile photograph where appropriate.

  • Review your publicly visible social media profiles and consider whether they reflect how you would like a prospective employer to perceive you.

  • Share or engage with content thoughtfully, particularly on professional platforms.

  • Build your professional network through university, professional organisations, events and LinkedIn.

  • Make sure the information on your CV and online profiles is accurate and consistent.

​

Don't:

  • Assume that employers will only look at your CV.

  • Post or share content without considering its potential professional consequences.

  • Include false or exaggerated information on your professional profiles.

  • Leave your LinkedIn profile outdated if you are actively applying for opportunities.

  • Forget that online content can sometimes remain accessible even after it has been deleted.

 

Remember

You do not need to be active on every social media platform or build a large online following.

​

The goal is simply to be intentional about your professional presence and to use your online platforms in a way that supports your career goals.

If you are applying for or preparing to commence Practical Vocational Training (PVT) as a candidate attorney, it is worth investigating your existing business interests early.

​

If you are a director of a registered company, hold an office, or are involved in another business, do not assume that the position is irrelevant simply because the company is inactive or you do not receive an income from it.

​

The Legal Practice Council Rules contain restrictions relating to pecuniary interests, holding office and engaging in other business activities. In certain circumstances, prior written consent from the Council may be required.

​

These requirements are intended to ensure that your outside interests do not interfere with the proper training of a candidate attorney or create conflicts with your responsibilities during PVT.

​

Do:

  • Investigate your existing business interests before commencing PVT.

  • Disclose relevant directorships, offices or business interests where required.

  • Read the current Legal Practice Council Rules relating to candidate attorneys.

  • Obtain clarification from the Legal Practice Council where you are unsure whether consent is required.

  • Address potential conflicts of interest early, rather than waiting until after your PVT has commenced.

  • Keep your focus on your training and professional responsibilities.

 

Don't:

  • Assume that a dormant company or directorship can simply be ignored.

  • Assume that not receiving remuneration means that the position cannot affect your PVT.

  • Engage in another business without first determining whether it is permitted.

  • Wait until you have already commenced PVT to investigate your position.

  • Rely on outdated advice or information when dealing with LPC requirements.

 

Learn More

For the most current requirements, consult the Legal Practice Council's Rules and Regulations and obtain clarification directly from the LPC where necessary.

​

Important: This section is intended as general educational information and should not be treated as legal advice. Requirements may change, so always consult the current LPC rules and applicable guidance.

Interview Tips

Before You Start

A good interview is not about memorising the “perfect” answers. It is about understanding what the interviewer is asking, organising your thoughts and communicating your experiences clearly.

​

This section will help you prepare for the different types of questions you may encounter during a legal interview and give you practical techniques for structuring your answers.

​

These tips are a framework, not a script. Your answers should reflect your own experiences, personality and career goals. Do not try to sound like someone you are not. Professionalism matters, but so does authenticity.

​

If you want additional interview questions, mock interviews or specialised interview preparation, consider using dedicated interview-preparation resources for further practice.

Interview Tips

Your preparation should begin before you walk into the interview. Good preparation helps you answer questions with confidence and shows the interviewer that you are genuinely interested in the opportunity.

​

Research the Organisation

Find out as much as you reasonably can about the organisation before your interview. Look at its website, areas of practice or work, recent projects or matters where appropriate, values, and the type of clients or people it serves.

​

You do not need to memorise everything. The goal is to understand where you are applying and why you would want to work there.

​

Understand the Position

Read the job advertisement or position description again. Pay attention to the qualifications, skills, experience and responsibilities mentioned.

​

Think about:

  • What is the organisation looking for?

  • Which of my skills or experiences are relevant?

  • What examples can I give to demonstrate those skills?

  • Are there any requirements I need to be prepared to discuss?

 

This will help you connect your answers to the actual position rather than giving generic responses.

​

Know Your CV

Anything on your CV is potentially something the interviewer can ask you about.

​

Be familiar with your:

  • Education and qualifications

  • Work experience

  • Articles, vacation work or internships

  • Legal research or writing

  • Leadership positions

  • Extracurricular activities

  • Volunteering and community involvement

  • Achievements and interests

  • Skills and areas of interest

 

Be prepared to explain what you did, what you learned and how the experience contributed to your development. Do not include something on your CV simply because it sounds impressive if you cannot confidently discuss it.

​

Prepare Your Own Examples

Think about experiences from university, work, volunteering, leadership, group projects, extracurricular activities or other areas of your life that demonstrate qualities employers may value.

​

For example:

  • A time you solved a difficult problem

  • A time you worked as part of a team

  • A time you dealt with pressure or a deadline

  • A mistake you made and what you learned from it

  • A situation where you had to take initiative

  • A time you dealt with disagreement or conflict

  • An achievement you are proud of

 

You do not need to memorise a story for every possible question. Instead, have a few experiences in mind that you can draw from when appropriate.

​

Prepare for the Question: “Why Do You Want This Opportunity?”

Think about this before the interview.

​

A strong answer should go beyond:

 

“I need the experience.”

​

Consider what genuinely interests you about the organisation, position, area of law or opportunity and how it fits into your development.

​

Prepare Questions for the Interviewer

An interview is also an opportunity for you to learn about the organisation and the position.

​

Prepare a few questions you may want to ask at the end of the interview. You can find examples in the “Questions You Can Ask the Interviewer” section below.

​

Before You Go

Finally, make sure you know the practical details:

  • Confirm the interview date and time.

  • Know whether it will be in person or online.

  • If it is in person, plan your route and allow enough time for delays.

  • If it is online, test your internet connection, camera and microphone.

  • If requested, have a copy of your CV and any other requested documents available.

  • Dress appropriately for the organisation and position.

  • Arrive or log in early.

 

Preparation does not mean knowing exactly what you will be asked. It means being prepared enough to handle questions you did not expect.

Not every interview question is testing the same thing. Understanding the type of question being asked can help you decide what information to include in your answer.

​

You may encounter several different categories of questions during a legal interview.

​

CV and Experience-Based Questions

These questions relate directly to the information you have provided in your CV.

​

For example, you may be asked about:

  • Your academic background

  • Previous employment, vacation work or internships

  • Articles or practical legal experience

  • Legal research or writing

  • Leadership positions

  • Extracurricular activities

  • Achievements

  • Skills or interests listed on your CV

 

The interviewer may want to understand not only what you have done, but what you learned from those experiences.

​

Personal and Introductory Questions

These questions help the interviewer get to know you and understand how you communicate.

​

You may be asked questions such as:

  • “Tell us about yourself.”

  • “How would you describe yourself?”

  • “What are your strengths?”

  • “What is an area you are working to improve?”

  • “What interests you outside of law?”

 

These questions are usually not asking for your entire life story. Focus on information that is relevant, genuine and appropriate for the interview.

​

Motivational Questions

These questions explore why you want the opportunity.

​

You may be asked:

  • Why do you want to work here?

  • Why are you interested in this area of law?

  • Why did you choose law?

  • What are your career goals?

  • Why should we consider you for this position?

 

Your answer should demonstrate genuine interest rather than simply telling the interviewer what you think they want to hear.

​

Behavioural Questions

Behavioural questions ask you to draw on your previous experiences to demonstrate qualities or skills.

​

You may be asked about a time when you:

  • Worked under pressure

  • Worked as part of a team

  • Solved a problem

  • Made a mistake

  • Dealt with conflict

  • Took initiative

  • Managed competing deadlines

  • Received difficult feedback

 

These questions are often introduced with phrases such as “Tell us about a time when…” or “Give us an example of…”

​

Your own experiences are the most important part of these answers.

​

Situational Questions

Instead of asking what you have done in the past, a situational question gives you a hypothetical scenario and asks how you would respond.

​

For example, you may be asked what you would do if:

  • You were given conflicting deadlines.

  • You discovered an error in your work.

  • A colleague asked you to do something you believed was inappropriate.

  • You disagreed with a supervisor.

  • You were given a task you did not know how to complete.

 

These questions are often designed to assess your judgment, problem-solving ability and approach to unfamiliar situations.

​

Technical and Legal Questions

For legal positions, you may be asked questions about legal principles, procedures, legislation, case law or areas of law relevant to the position.

​

The questions you receive will depend on the role and the organisation. A litigation position may require different preparation from a position in commercial law, family law, labour law, compliance, conveyancing or another area.

​

The aim is not necessarily to memorise an answer to every possible legal question. You should understand the relevant legal principles and be able to explain your reasoning clearly.

​

Ethics and Professional Judgment Questions

Legal interviews may also test how you approach ethical and professional situations.

​

You could be presented with a situation involving issues such as:

  • Confidentiality

  • Conflicts of interest

  • Professional conduct

  • Client instructions

  • Accuracy and honesty

  • Duties to the court

  • Handling sensitive information

 

These questions are particularly important because legal professionals are expected to exercise sound professional judgment.

​

Organisation and Commercial-Awareness Questions

Depending on the position, you may be asked what you know about the organisation, its clients, its industry or current developments affecting its work.

​

For example, you may be asked:

  • What do you know about our organisation?

  • Why do you want to work with us?

  • What interests you about our practice areas?

  • What legal or industry developments do you think may affect our work?

 

This is one reason your research before the interview matters.

​

Remember

A single question can fall into more than one category. For example, “Why do you want to work in our litigation department?” is both a motivational question and a question that tests whether you have researched the organisation and understand the position.

​

Before answering, take a moment to consider:

What is this question really asking me to demonstrate?

​

Once you identify that, it becomes much easier to decide how to structure your answer.

You cannot predict every question you will be asked in an interview. Instead of trying to memorise answers, learn how to structure your thoughts.

​

Before answering a question, take a moment to consider what the interviewer is actually asking and what they are trying to assess.

​

Start by Answering the Question

Listen carefully to the question and make sure your answer addresses it directly.

​

Avoid giving a long answer that eventually gets to the point. Start with your main answer and then provide the explanation or example needed to support it.

​

Give Relevant Context

Where appropriate, provide enough background for the interviewer to understand your answer.

​

You do not need to explain every detail. Include only the information that helps answer the question.

​

Explain Your Role

When discussing an experience, make it clear what you did.

​

For example, instead of simply saying: “We worked on a research project.”

​

Explain your contribution: “I was responsible for researching the relevant case law and presenting my findings to the group.”

​

This allows the interviewer to understand your individual skills and contribution.

​

Explain the Result or What You Learned

Where appropriate, finish your answer by explaining what happened as a result of your actions or what you learned from the experience.

​

Not every answer needs a dramatic result. Sometimes the most valuable outcome is a lesson, improvement or change in your approach.

​

Use STAR for Behavioural Questions

For questions asking you to describe a specific experience, the STAR method can help you organise your answer:

​

Situation: Briefly explain the circumstances.

​

Task: Explain what you needed to accomplish or what responsibility you had.

​

Action: Explain what you did. This should usually be the most substantial part of your answer.

​

Result: Explain the outcome and, where relevant, what you learned.

​

For example, if you are asked: “Tell us about a time you had to work under pressure.” You could structure your answer by explaining the situation, what you needed to achieve, the steps you personally took and the outcome.

​

You do not need to say “Situation, Task, Action, Result” out loud. The framework is simply a tool to help you organise your response.

​

Not Every Question Requires STAR

STAR is particularly useful for behavioural questions, but it should not be forced into every answer.

​

For example, a question such as “Why do you want to work here?” requires a different approach. You would focus on your genuine reasons for wanting the opportunity and connect them to the organisation and position.

​

Similarly, a technical legal question may require you to explain the relevant legal principle, apply it to the facts and reach a reasoned conclusion.

​

Keep Your Answers Focused

A good answer does not have to be long.

​

Avoid:

  • Going off-topic

  • Repeating the same point

  • Giving unnecessary background

  • Memorising lengthy speeches

  • Trying to include everything you know

 

Aim to be clear, relevant and conversational.

 

If You Need a Moment to Think

It is completely acceptable to take a brief moment to think before answering.

 

You can say:

 

“That is an interesting question. Let me think about that for a moment.”

 

Taking a moment to organise your thoughts is generally better than rushing into an answer that does not address the question.

 

Remember

Prepare your ideas, not your script. The goal is not to reproduce a rehearsed answer word-for-word. The goal is to understand your own experiences, skills and motivations well enough to discuss them naturally and confidently.

Preparing for an interview does not mean creating a version of yourself that you think the interviewer wants to see.

​

You should be professional, prepared and confident, but your answers should still sound like you.

​

Prepare Your Ideas, Not a Script

It is helpful to think about how you would answer common questions, but avoid memorising your answers word-for-word.

​

A heavily rehearsed answer can sound unnatural, and you may struggle if the interviewer asks a follow-up question or changes the wording of the question.

​

Instead, know:

  • The key points you want to communicate

  • The experiences you want to draw from

  • Your reasons for wanting the opportunity

  • Your strengths and areas for development

  • The skills you can bring to the position

 

This gives you enough preparation to answer naturally while still staying focused.

 

Don't Use Language You Would Never Normally Use

There is nothing wrong with using professional language. However, you do not need to use complicated words or legal terminology simply to sound intelligent.

 

If you would not normally say something in conversation, ask yourself whether it genuinely belongs in your answer. The interviewer is interested in what you have to say, not whether you can recite impressive-sounding phrases.

​

Be Honest About What You Know

You are not expected to know everything, particularly if you are a student, graduate or candidate legal practitioner.

​

If you do not know the answer to a technical question, do not invent one.

 

Where appropriate, explain how you would approach finding the answer. Demonstrating honesty, sound judgment and a willingness to learn is far better than confidently giving incorrect information.

​

Let Your Personality Come Through

Professionalism and authenticity can exist together.

​

You can be serious about the opportunity while still allowing the interviewer to see your personality, interests and genuine motivations. Remember that an interview is also an opportunity for the organisation to determine whether you are a good fit for the role and for you to determine whether the organisation is a good fit for you.

​

Be prepared. Be professional. Be yourself.

Legal interviews may include questions that test your understanding of the law, legal procedure and the practical application of legal principles.

​

The level and subject matter will depend on the position you are applying for. A candidate interviewing for a litigation position may be asked very different questions from someone applying for a position in commercial law, compliance, conveyancing or another area.

​

Know the Area of Law Relevant to the Position

Start with the position itself.

​

Review the areas of law mentioned in the job advertisement and research the organisation's practice areas or work. Revisit the fundamental principles that are most relevant to the position.

​

Depending on the role, you may encounter questions relating to areas such as:

  • Civil litigation

  • Criminal law and procedure

  • Commercial law

  • Family law

  • Labour law

  • Constitutional and administrative law

  • Personal injury and RAF matters

  • Insurance law

  • Alternative dispute resolution

  • Professional legal ethics

 

You do not need to know every area of law. Focus your preparation on what is relevant to the position.

 

Understand, Don't Just Memorise

Memorising definitions or prepared answers can be useful to an extent, but you should understand the principles behind them.

​

An interviewer may ask a follow-up question, change the facts of a scenario or ask you to apply a principle to a practical situation. Make sure you can explain legal concepts in your own words and, where appropriate, explain how you would apply them to a set of facts.

 

Think About How You Would Approach a Legal Problem

You may be given a hypothetical scenario and asked what you would do.

 

Do not immediately focus on finding the “perfect” answer. Think about your approach:

  1. What are the relevant facts?

  2. What legal issue or issues arise?

  3. What law or principles are relevant?

  4. What further information would you need?

  5. How would you research or verify the position?

  6. How would you explain your conclusion?

 

This demonstrates that you understand that legal practice involves analysis and problem-solving, not simply recalling information.

 

If You Don't Know the Answer

You may encounter a question to which you do not know the answer. Do not guess or confidently state something you are unsure about.

 

If appropriate, acknowledge that you are not certain and explain how you would establish the correct position.

For example: “I am not certain of the position on that point, so I would want to verify the relevant legislation and case law before giving a definitive answer.” This does not mean you should use “I don't know” as a substitute for preparation. You should make a reasonable effort to answer the question, but you should also know when an answer needs to be verified.

​

Be Prepared for Follow-Up Questions

Your initial answer may lead to another question.

​

If you mention a particular case, legal principle, area of law or experience, be prepared to explain it further. This is another reason to avoid including information on your CV or in your answers simply because it sounds impressive.

​

Remember

You are being assessed on more than whether you know the answer.

​

The interviewer may also be assessing how you:

  • Analyse a problem

  • Apply legal principles

  • Explain your reasoning

  • Communicate complex information

  • Respond when you are uncertain

  • Think through unfamiliar situations

  • Exercise professional judgment

 

Prepare thoroughly, but remember that good legal practice is not about pretending to know everything. It is about knowing how to find, verify and apply the law.

Some organisations may require candidates to complete an assessment before or during the recruitment process. These assessments can vary considerably depending on the position and organisation.

​

Technical or Written Assessments

For legal positions, you may be asked to complete a practical exercise designed to assess your legal and written skills.

​

This could include:

  • Legal research

  • Drafting a legal opinion or memorandum

  • Drafting correspondence

  • Drafting pleadings, notices or other legal documents

  • Reviewing or analysing a contract

  • Answering a legal problem question

  • Summarising a judgment or legal issue

  • Analysing a set of facts and identifying the relevant legal issues

 

The assessment may be based on an area of law you are expected to know, or you may be given unfamiliar material and asked to work through it.

​

Pay attention to the instructions. An assessment is not only testing your knowledge of the law. It may also test your ability to follow instructions, identify relevant issues, conduct research, analyse information and communicate your conclusion clearly.

Before submitting, check your work carefully for:

  • Accuracy

  • Relevance

  • Structure

  • Spelling and grammar

  • Citations and references where required

  • Whether you answered the question asked

  • Whether you followed all instructions

 

Psychometric Assessments

Some employers use psychometric assessments as part of their recruitment process.

​

Depending on the assessment, you may encounter exercises designed to assess areas such as:

  • Verbal reasoning

  • Numerical reasoning

  • Logical or abstract reasoning

  • Personality characteristics

  • Situational judgment

  • Other cognitive or behavioural characteristics

 

The purpose and format of these assessments can differ between employers.

 

How Can You Prepare?

Find out whether the organisation has provided any information about the assessment beforehand. If practice material is available, use it to familiarise yourself with the format and timing.

 

For timed assessments, practising can help you become more comfortable with working under time constraints.

For personality-based assessments, avoid trying to determine what you think the “correct” personality is. Answer honestly and consistently.

 

Remember

An assessment is another opportunity to demonstrate how you think and work.

​

For legal assessments in particular, do not focus only on reaching the right conclusion. Show that you can understand the problem, identify the relevant issues, apply appropriate legal principles and communicate your reasoning clearly.

At the end of an interview, you may be asked whether you have any questions.

​

“No, I don't have any questions” is not necessarily a wrong answer, but having one or two thoughtful questions prepared can demonstrate that you have considered the opportunity and are interested in learning more.

​

What Can You Ask?

Your questions will depend on the position, the organisation and what has already been discussed during the interview.

​

You could ask about:

  • The responsibilities of the position

  • Training and development opportunities

  • The team you would be working with

  • The organisation's expectations for the role

  • The types of matters or work you may be exposed to

  • The organisation's working environment or culture

  • What success in the position looks like

 

For example:

“What would you expect from someone in this position during their first few months?”

 

“What opportunities are there for learning and development in this role?”

 

“What does a typical day or week in this position look like?”

 

“What qualities have you found make someone successful in this role?”

 

Ask Questions You Actually Want Answered

Do not ask a question simply because you found it on an interview-preparation list.

 

A good question should help you understand the opportunity and, where appropriate, continue the conversation.

 

You should also listen during the interview. If the interviewer has already answered a question during the discussion, there is no need to ask it again.

​

Avoid Questions You Could Easily Answer Yourself

Questions that can be answered by simply reading the organisation's website or job advertisement may suggest that you have not done your research. Use your preparation to ask questions that provide information you could not easily find elsewhere.

 

Remember

An interview is not only an opportunity for the organisation to assess you. It is also an opportunity for you to assess the organisation.

Use the opportunity to find out whether the role, working environment and organisation are right for you.

The small things matter. Professionalism is reflected not only in the answers you give, but also in how you prepare, communicate and conduct yourself throughout the interview.

 

Do:

  • Do your research. Understand the organisation, the position and the work they do.

  • Be punctual. Arrive early for an in-person interview or log in early for a virtual interview.

  • Rehearse. Practise speaking through your experiences and potential questions, but avoid memorising a script.

  • Showcase your skills and experience. Use relevant examples to demonstrate what you can bring to the position.

  • Do dress appropriately. Choose professional attire that is suitable for the organisation and position.

  • Use positive body language. Maintain appropriate eye contact, sit attentively and be conscious of your facial expressions and posture.

  • Be confident. Speak clearly and trust the preparation you have done.

  • Listen carefully. Make sure you understand the question before answering.

  • Do ask questions. Use the opportunity to learn more about the organisation and position.

  • Take notes where appropriate. If useful, make a brief note of important information during the interview.

  • Follow up professionally. Where appropriate, send a brief thank-you or follow-up message after the interview.

 

Don't:

  • Be late. If an unavoidable delay occurs, communicate it as soon as possible.

  • Arrive unprepared. Research the organisation and know your own CV.

  • Speak negatively about current or previous employers. You can discuss difficult experiences professionally without being disrespectful or unnecessarily critical.

  • Dominate the conversation. Give the interviewer an opportunity to speak and ask follow-up questions.

  • Interrupt. Allow the interviewer to finish the question before responding.

  • Lie or exaggerate. Be truthful about your qualifications, experience and abilities.

  • Be overly casual. An interview is a professional setting, even where the organisation has a relaxed culture.

  • Use slang or inappropriate language. Communicate naturally while maintaining professionalism.

  • Pretend to know something you don't. If you are unsure, respond honestly and explain how you would establish the correct position.

  • Rely on your rehearsed answers. If the interviewer asks a question differently from how you expected, listen to what is actually being asked and respond accordingly.

 

Remember

You do not have to be perfect.

 

You are being assessed on your preparation, communication, judgment, knowledge and suitability for the position. Prepare thoroughly, conduct yourself professionally and allow the interviewer to meet the real person behind your CV.

The tips on this page are intended to give you a framework for preparing for an interview. If you would like additional practice, there are organisations and platforms that provide interview preparation resources, guidance and support for aspiring legal professionals.

​

You can explore the following:

​

Employ a Lawyer

A platform focused on legal career opportunities and professional development. Its resources may be useful for candidates looking for additional guidance on preparing for legal recruitment processes and interviews.

Learn More: Employ a Lawyer on Instagram

​

SMA Law

SMA Law shares legal career and professional development content that may be useful to aspiring legal professionals.

Learn More: SMA Law on Linktree

​

Other Career Resources

You can also look for interview preparation resources through:

  • Your university's career office or law faculty

  • Legal professional organisations

  • Career development platforms

  • Mentors, lecturers and legal practitioners

  • Professional networks such as LinkedIn

 

If you know someone who has recently interviewed at the organisation you are applying to, you may also ask them about their experience. However, remember that every interview is different. Use other people's experiences to prepare, not to assume that you will be asked the same questions.

​

Remember

The goal of interview preparation is not to memorise perfect answers.

​

Prepare. Practise. Understand your own experiences. Then be yourself.

Find Your Next Legal Opportunity

Finding legal opportunities often requires looking beyond traditional job boards. Vacancies for candidate attorneys, paralegals, legal assistants, legal advisers, interns, graduates and other legal roles may be shared through professional networks, social media pages, WhatsApp channels and dedicated career platforms.

​

The resources below share or may share opportunities and career-related information that may be useful to aspiring legal professionals.

Find Your Next Legal Opportunity

WhatsApp Channels

Candidate Attorneys & Paralegal Job Opportunities SA

A WhatsApp channel that shares or opportunities for candidate attorneys, paralegals and related legal positions.

Follow the WhatsApp Channel

​

Graduates24

A graduate-focused platform that shares employment, internship and career opportunities, including opportunities that may be relevant to law graduates.

Follow the WhatsApp Channel

​

Legal Vacancies in South Africa by Dante Recruitment Personnel

A WhatsApp channel that shares legal vacancies and related employment opportunities in South Africa.

Follow the WhatsApp Channel

Social Media

Employ a Lawyer

A platform focused on legal career opportunities and professional development. Its social media pages may share legal vacancies, career information and other resources for aspiring legal professionals.

Visit Employ a Lawyer on Instagram

​

CAZA LAW

A legal career and professional development platform that shares legal vacancies, recruitment opportunities and career-related information.

Visit CAZA LAW on Instagram

​

The Legal Corner South Africa

A social media page that shares legal and career-related information and opportunities.

Follow The Legal Corner South Africa on X
 

SMA Law

A legal platform that shares or may share legal and career-related information and resources that may be useful to aspiring legal professionals.

Visit SMA Law

EduLaw: The Learned Colleagues Club

EduLaw’s Learned Colleagues Club is a WhatsApp community for candidate attorneys and attorneys. Its Careers’ Corner group shares job opportunities within the legal profession.

Join the Learned Colleagues Club on WhatsApp


Keep Looking

These resources are a starting point, not an exhaustive list.
 

Follow organisations and professionals in the areas that interest you. This may include:

  • Law firms

  • Companies and in-house legal departments

  • Government departments and public entities

  • Legal recruitment agencies

  • Professional organisations

  • Non-governmental and public-interest organisations

  • Universities and research institutions

  • Legal technology and other organisations offering non-traditional legal careers


You can also create job alerts on major employment platforms and regularly check the careers pages of organisations where you would like to work.

 
A Final Reminder

Opportunities shared through third-party platforms may change or expire. Always verify the opportunity, application requirements, closing date and legitimacy of the organisation before applying.

​

Umthetho waseMzansi provides these resources for information and convenience. Their inclusion does not constitute an endorsement of any particular organisation, vacancy or recruitment process.

​

Do not wait for an opportunity to find you. Know where to look.

Start Now
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